Feasibility of Multimodality Treatment, Including Pleurectomy Decortication, in Carefully Selected Patients with Sarcomatoid Mesothelioma.

Background:Pleural mesothelioma (PM) represents an uncommon and exceptionally lethal malignancy. The sarcomatoid subtype constitutes the rarest histological variant, traditionally linked to the worst prognosis, while the advantages of operative intervention remain inadequately established. In this study, we present findings from a cohort of 34 sequential cases with sarcomatoid mesothelioma managed at a specialized high-volume center employing pleurectomy decortication (PD) within a comprehensive therapeutic strategy. We aim to identify patients in this cohort who may benefit from a multimodality approach. Methods:All patients diagnosed with sarcomatoid mesothelioma between 2007 and 2019 who received PD at our facility were enrolled, and relevant medical, histopathological, and operative data collected. Survival curves generated through Kaplan-Meier methodology alongside log-rank testing enabled comparison of longevity outcomes, while Cox proportional hazards modeling facilitated examination of predictive variables. Results:The cohort included 31 male subjects (91.2%), 24 procedures performed on the right side (70.6%), with a median patient age of 71.5 years (range, 51-85 years). Preoperative treatment was administered to 8 individuals (24.2%), while 23 participants (67.7%) underwent intraoperative heated chemotherapy (IOHC). Macroscopic complete resection (MCR) was accomplished in 22 cases (64.7%). Mortality at 30 and 90 days post-surgery stood at 2.9% and 14.7%, respectively. The median overall survival for the entire cohort reached 7.4 months, extending to 20.1 months among those with forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) at or above 80% predicted. In multivariate analysis, preoperative FEV1 ≥80% was associated with prolonged overall survival [P=0.01; hazard ratio (HR) =0.54]. Conclusions:As expected, the median survival for most patients with sarcomatoid histology who undergo surgery is under one year. However, a small subset of patients with FEV1 ≥80% do quite well using the multimodality approach.