First-generation Graduates in OECD Countries

This paper examines earnings differences between first-generation and continuing-generation college graduates across 24 OECD countries using data from the OECD Survey of Adult Skills (PIAAC). In most countries analyzed, first-generation graduates earn significantly less than their peers from college-educated families, with an average gap across all countries of approximately 7.5%. We investigate potential mechanisms behind this result and find that first-generation graduates are less likely to pursue postgraduate education, more likely to hold professional degrees, more likely to work in smaller firms and lower paying occupation, and tend to have lower cognitive skills. These findings highlight the need for policy interventions to enhance educational mobility and promote equality of opportunity.