Plants of Euonymus japonicus (Celastraceae), an ornamental shrub, exhibiting powdery mildew symptoms were collected in Pelotas, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Based on morphological characteristics, including conidia, conidiophore, and appressoria, as well as analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS1-5.8 s-ITS2) region, the causal agent was identified as Erysiphe euonymicola. Pathogenicity was confirmed by inoculating five healthy branches of E. japonicus with conidia collected from symptomatic leaves. Typical powdery mildew symptoms developed 10-12 days after inoculation only on fungal inoculated branches, whereas control plants remained asymptomatic. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first record of E. euonymicola infecting E. japonicus in Brazil.