From Excitation to Dechlorination: Gamma Radiation-Induced Degradation of Chlorinated Organic Compounds

Chlorinated organic compounds are persistent environmental pollutants that are resistant to conventional degradation methods. Gamma radiation induces water radiolysis, generating reactive species such as hydroxyl radicals and hydrated electrons, which enable both oxidative and reductive degradation pathways. This review summarizes the fundamental principles of radiation chemistry, the mechanisms of C–Cl bond cleavage, and the key factors influencing dechlorination efficiency, highlighting the potential of radiation-based technologies for environmental remediation.