Hydrogeologic and geochemical analyses are carried out in groundwaters and in gaseous emissions on order to contribute to earthquake prediction research. At presently the main test sites are in Japan, China, and Taiwan. Catalogs of presumed precursory episodes have been compiled over the years and provided preliminary conclusions about site-selection techniques. Controlled experimental sites have recently given the opportunity to better investigate the physical mechanisms originating the recorded preseismic anomalies. The main characteristics and limitations of hydrogeologic and geochemical parameters are discussed. An in depth review of results obtained from the most relevant test site areas identifies future research trends and projectections of future instrumental networks, including geophysical parameters and remote sensing techniques oriented to hazard reduction policies.
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