Abstract This paper introduces a novel method for deriving wavefront phase information using the knife-edge test, which can be used for extended objects such as the Sun. The formula presented in this paper shows that an observed image contains a partial derivative of the ground-layer phase errors. Experiments are conducted in which two field stops are separately set on the solar limb on the focal plane, and two pupil images through each field stop are simultaneously observed using two high-speed cameras. Some degree of correlation is demonstrated between the two image sets, and their values tend to increase with narrower separation between the two field stops. These results are consistent with those expected using the presented formula.
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