Heating of an Aortic Stent for Coarctation Treatment During Magnetic Particle Imaging and Magnetic Resonance Imaging—A Comparative in Vitro Study

Purpose To evaluate heating of a redilatable stent for the treatment of aortic coarctation in neonates and small children in the new imaging modality magnetic particle imaging and established magnetic resonance imaging. Materials and Methods The cobalt-chromium stent (BabyStent, OSYPKA AG, Rheinfelden, Germany) has a stent design which allows for redilatation and adjustment of the diameter from 6 to 16 mm for a use in aortic coarctation. The stent loses its radial integrity while opening at predetermined breaking points at a diameter of 14 mm or 16 mm, respectively. We measured the temperature increase in the stent at different diameters during 7-min magnetic particle imaging and magnetic resonance imaging scans with fiber optic thermometers under static conditions surrounded by air. In magnetic particle imaging, stents with diameters from 6 to 16 mm were tested while in magnetic resonance imaging only stents with diameters of 6 mm and 14 mm were investigated exemplarily. Result In magnetic particle imaging, the measured temperature differences increased up to 4.7 K with growing diameters, whereas the opened stents with discontinuous struts at 14 and 16 mm showed only minimal heating of max. 0.5 K. In contrast to magnetic particle imaging, our measurements showed no heating of the stents during magnetic resonance imaging under identical conditions. Conclusion The BabyStent did show only slight heating in magnetic particle imaging and no detectable temperature increase in magnetic resonance imaging .