Impact of Light-Soaking Preconditioning for Measurements of Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Solar Cells

Perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells (PSTSCs) have attracted significant attention in the photovoltaic field because of their excellent power conversion efficiency. However, the inherent instability of PSTSCs has led to a mismatch between existing testing standards and accurate performance evaluation. Although preconditioning brings the cells close to steady-state prior to measurements, specific preconditioning methods remain undefined. In this study, we systematically investigated the effects of light-soaking preconditioning (LSPC) of PSTSCs under open-circuit, short-circuit, and maximum power point (MPP) conditions on their electrical performance parameters. The results showed that LSPC under open-circuit conditions caused an initial improvement in efficiency, followed by continuous degradation, and short-term stabilization did not guarantee sustained performance stability. Preconditioning under short-circuit conditions resulted in a significant decline in cell performance, suggesting that this condition was unsuitable for preconditioning. In contrast, preconditioning under MPP conditions enabled both unencapsulated and encapsulated cells to achieve stability, with efficiency fluctuations less than 2%. Moreover, the efficiency values obtained from reverse I–V scans following MPP preconditioning were consistent with those monitored by maximum power point tracking (MPPT). On the basis of these findings, an efficient and reliable measurement protocol for PSTSCs was proposed: LSPC under MPP conditions for at least 10 min, followed by I–V scanning. This protocol allowed quick and accurate determination of the performance parameters of PSTSCs, providing guidance for standardized characterization of PSTSCs.