Improved X-ray Absorption Capability of Core-shell Nano-Transducer in Situ Enhances Γ-Ray-excited Radioluminescence Imaging in Vivo

Radioluminescence imaging (RLI) using nanoscintillators offers great potential for biomedical applications, yet remains constrained by low quantum efficiency and the reliance of Cerenkov imaging on high-energy radionuclides. The rational design of core-shell nano-transducers overcomes these constraints by enhancing X-ray absorption and energy confinement, thereby enabling efficient γ-ray excited radioluminescence. We engineered NaGdF₄:15