Improving Graphene Diffusion Barriers Via Stacking Multiple Layers and Grain Size Engineering

It is shown that the performance of graphene diffusion barriers can be enhanced by stacking multiple layers of graphene and increasing grain size. The focus is on large-area barriers of graphene grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) in the context of passivating an underlying Cu substrate from oxidation in air at 200 degrees C and use imaging Raman spectroscopy as a tool to temporally and spatially map the barrier performance and to guide barrier design. At 200 degrees C in air, Cu oxidation proceeds in multiple regimes: fi rst slowly via transport through atomic-scale grain boundary defects inherent to CVD-graphene and then more rapidly as the graphene itself degrades and new defects are formed. In the initial regime, the graphene passivates better than previously reported. Whereas oxidation through single sheets primarily occurs through grain boundaries, oxidation through multiple sheets is spatially confi ned to their intersection. Performance further increases with grainsize. The degradation of the graphene itself at 200 degrees C ultimately limits high temperature but suggests superior low temperature barrier performance. This study is expected to improve the understanding of mass transport through CVD-graphene materials and lead to improved large area graphene materials for barrier applications.