Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common and the second deadliest cancer in the world with higher frequency in developed countries.In Croatia, CRC is the second most common cancer in women, and the third most common in men.With about 3,400 newly diagnosed cases and 2,100 deaths, CRC is after lung cancer, the second deadliest malignant disease in Croatia.Secondary prevention of CRC consists of measures aimed to reduce serious consequences of this disease.Screening is part of secondary prevention used for early and timely detection of the disease.It is used for detection of disease at an earlier stage, and sometimes before the onset of the disease.Detecting cancer at an early stage can reduce the severity and mortality of the disease.Screening tests must meet certain criteria such as simplicity and safety, sufficient sensitivity and specificity, cost-effectiveness, and the possibility of further action in the event of a positive test.The screened disease must be precisely defined, the incidence must be known, and the onset of the disease must be slow.It is necessary to allow equity of procedures and to clearly define cut-off values for healthy and sick individuals.Various tests are nowadays used for CRC screening.There are stool tests, endoscopic procedures, radiological imaging, and blood marker tests.Each test has its own number of advantages and disadvantages.For screening, it is important to choose not only the test with the highest sensitivity and specificity, but also the one for which the largest part of the population will be willing to adhere to with acceptable technical characteristics.
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