Purpose: Monitoring cyclosporin (CYA) C2 levels improves clinical outcomes following transplantation (Tx), and evidence has shown that targeting therapeutic C2 levels in the early post-Tx period significantly reduces the long-term incidence of acute rejection. We therefore performed an intention-to-treat analysis of 3, 6 and 12 month clinical outcomes from lung-Tx recipients initially monitored by traditional CYA C0 or by C2 levels.