Innate Immunity Shapes the Persistent Transmission of Plant Viruses by Insect Vectors

Abstract Plant viruses that rely on insect vectors for persistent transmission are widespread globally and inflict severe yield losses in agricultural crops. Through long‐term coevolution, these viruses and their insect vectors have developed complex interactions that maintain a balance between vector fitness and efficient virus transmission. Furthermore, accumulating evidence indicates that the innate immune system plays a pivotal role in mediating these intricate interactions. In this review, we highlight two key aspects of the virus–vector interplay: (1) persistently transmitted viruses exploit host factors to overcome transmission barriers; and (2) molecular recognition triggers antiviral immunity and subsequent viral counter‐defense. Elucidation of these virus–vector interactions offers critical insights for the development of novel strategies to disrupt viral transmission cycles.