Insight into Darcy Flow of Ternary‐hybrid Nanofluid on Horizontal Surfaces: Exploration of the Effects of Convective and Unsteady Acceleration

The transport phenomenon of water conveying spherical carbon nanotubes, cylindrical graphene, and platelet aluminum oxide nanoparticles exhibits a linear relationship between the pressure gradient causing the dynamics of ternary-hybrid nanofluid and the velocity. However, it is essential to note that little is known about the computation of roughness at the surface transition zone during the early stages of accretion. The Darcy flow of ternary-hybrid nanofluid was investigated and reported in this paper with the intention to provide insight into the convective and unstable acceleration related to leading-edge accretion. The governing equations roughly represented that the time-dependent fluid flow were nondimensionalized using the Blasius-Rayleigh Stokes variable, and the three-stage Lobatto IIIa integration formula for a finite difference (MATLAB package bvp4c) was used to solve numerically. Based on the analysis of results, it is worth concluding that the velocity decreases significantly due to a growth in the leading-edge accretion (gamma) because the convective acceleration increases while the unsteady acceleration decreases for 0 degrees <=gamma <= 90 degrees. As gamma -> 90 degrees, convective acceleration increases while the unsteady acceleration decreases. As gamma enlarges from 90 degrees to 180 degrees, both forms of the acceleration are decreasing properties, but unsteady deceleration is bound to manifest.