Integrating Product Lifecycle Management, Business Innovation, and Sustainability in the Era of Industry 5.0: A Synergistic Framework.

This paper presents a human‑centric Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) framework aligned with Industry 5.0 that brings together Digital Twins (DTs), Smart Manufacturing, and Generative AI (GenAI) under a PLM backbone. The framework is designed around three pillars—human‑centricity, sustainability, and resilience—and incorporates explainable AI (XAI) and lifecycle assessment to support transparent, accountable decisions. A focused systematic literature review motivates the architecture and identifies gaps in explainability, interoperability, and end‑to‑end lifecycle coverage. The study demonstrates feasibility with a NASA milling case study, integrating sensor data, DT‑based emulation, and a predictive model within PLM workflows to achieve traceability and operator‑in‑the‑loop validation. Results show modest predictive performance, highlighting the need for feature engineering and model generalization; the paper outlines concrete improvement paths and discuss industrial adoption barriers (skills, integration, and governance). Contributions are: (i) a precise definition of PLM 5.0 and its dependencies, (ii) a modular framework integrating DT/GenAI/XAI with PLM and sustainability assessment, and (iii) a reproducible case configuration that maps each operational step to the framework. The paper concludes with open challenges in interoperability, security, and ethical governance and proposes evaluation and benchmarking directions.