An exploratory analysis of 35 industries suggests that many of them (21 of 35) were restructuring in the 1980s into a group of large, multi-market firms and a group of product/market specialists. This concentration-specialism trend is a response to intensified competition caused by lower demand growth and deregulation. The concentration-specialism trend appears more pronounced in developed market economies and service industries. The study identifies key strategic options as well as impediments to coping with this trend.