Investigation of the electrical, compositional, and magnetic features of hybrid lead oxide nanocomposites

Three novel nanocomposites were synthesized using the coprecipitation method: lead oxide (beta-PbO-massicot), lead ferrite (PbFe8O18), and lead ferrite polypyrrole (PbFe2O7:PYY). The magnetometer with vibrating-sample-VSM, thermal stability via gravimetry analysis-TGA, Raman, scanning field emission scanning electron microscopy-FESEM, and x-ray diffraction spectroscopy-XRD were used to characterize the nanocomposites. According to XRD measurements, beta-PbO and PbFe2O7:PYY have an orthorhombic crystal structure, while PbFe8O18 has a monoclinic structure. To calculate crystallite size, the Scherrer model was utilized, which provided a significant value in beta-PbO and a small value in PbFe2O7:PYY. Raman's research revealed a significant change in the composite structure, indicating the creation of nanomaterials. According to the AC conductivity tests, beta-PbO has a lower conductivity than PbFe8O18, however, PbFe2O7:PYY has a higher conductivity. When assessed using the VSM technique, PbFe8O18 has higher Ms values.