Colloidal inorganic nanocrystals (NCs) consist of an inorganic core and organic ligands, which contribute to their physical properties and colloidal stability, respectively. Indium tin oxide (ITO) NCs exhibit a localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) band in the near-infrared (NIR) region, and the position of this band can be tuned by adjusting the ratio of indium to tin. Due to these properties, ITO NCs have attracted considerable attention for applications in photoenergy conversion materials [1]. The terahertz (THz) region is generally defined as the frequency range between approximately 0.1-10 THz. Although the terahertz region has lower photon energy compared to the visible range (1 THz = ~4.1 meV), it enables the measurement of physical phenomena—such as free electron behavior—that are not accessible with visible light. While the physical properties of bulk ITO have been investigated using terahertz spectroscopy [2], those of colloidal ITO NCs remain largely unexplored. In this study, we synthesized a series of ITO NCs with varying indium-to-tin ratios and different surface ligands, and investigated their physical properties using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS).
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