Maternal Vitamin D Intake Correlates with Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D, Interleukin-6, and Ferritin in Maternal and Umbilical Cord

Background Vitamin D is associated with fetal growth and development. It also plays an essential role in the body's immune system and placental regulation of the mother. This study investigated the correlation between vitamin D intake and 25-hydroxyvitamin D, interleukin-6, and ferritin levels in the maternal and umbilical cord. Materials and methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from June to December 2022 in Hermina Hospital, General Hospital Bunda Padang, and Army Hospital Dr. Reksodiwiryo. A total of 40 pregnant persons were observed in this study. The participants approved and signed the informed consent. The data were collected using a food frequency questionnaire. Maternal and umbilical cord serum were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. All data were normally distributed, and the Pearson correlation test was performed. Results Mean vitamin D intake was 16,54 ± 2,92 mcg, maternal and umbilical cord serum 25(OH)D levels were 14,74 ± 4,93 ng/mL and 17,02 ± 5,94 ng/mL, maternal and umbilical cord serum IL-6 levels were 81,04 ± 12,23 and 98,75 ± 16,58 ng/L, maternal and umbilical cord serum ferritin levels were 41 ± 50,97 and 122,97 ± 71,23 ng/mL. There was a moderate correlation between vitamin D intake and serum 25(OH)D maternal (r = 0,379 and p = 0,016) and umbilical cord (r = 0,490 and p = 0,001). Vitamin D intake showed weak, non-significant correlations with maternal IL-6 (r = 0,292, p = 0,068) and umbilical cord IL-6 (r=-0,243, p = 0,131), and negligible correlation with maternal (r = 0,006, p = 0,971) and umbilical cord ferritin (r=-0,205, p = 0,204). Conclusions This study found a moderate correlation between maternal vitamin D intake and serum 25(OH)D, but weak correlations with IL-6 and ferritin.