Maximum Accessibility Equality Problem

The maximum accessibility equality problem (MAEP) is a spatial planning framework prioritizing equitable access to public services, addressing disparities rather than merely improving efficiency. Unlike traditional location–allocation models, MAEP minimizes inequality in accessibility across regions and populations. A two‐step optimization model (2SO) is proposed: the first locates facilities based on coverage or proximity; the second allocates service capacities to reduce access inequality, measured by indices like the two‐step floating catchment area (2SFCA). The equity objective is modeled through quadratic programming to minimize weighted variance in access levels. A case study from rural health care and one from urban electric vehicle infrastructure in China show the model's potential to enhance both fairness and service outcomes. The entry also discusses future challenges, such as integrating dynamic demand, behavioral responses, multimodal access, and balancing equity–efficiency tradeoffs. The MAEP provides a robust, adaptable approach for aligning infrastructure planning with social equity and sustainability goals.