Mutual Coupling Reduction Considerations for 2×2 and 3×3 Sparse Microstrip Patch Antenna Array

This paper reviews how recent advancements in sparse antenna arrays optimization help reduce mutual coupling, even in simple setups like 2 x 2 and 3 x 3 microstrip patch antennas Uniform Rectangular Array (URA). It discusses and compares techniques and widely used optimisation methods to enhance array analogue beamforming performance and minimise interference through side-lobe reduction. The study shows that careful positioning and use of optimisation algorithms can help not only maintain the array gain, but also reduce inter-element coupling, making it useful for very basic array configurations.