Neuropeptide Pathways As Next‐Generation Targets for Manipulating Insect Behaviour and Communication

ABSTRACT Insects display a wide range of complex behaviours despite having relatively simple nervous systems, and neuropeptides have emerged as key signalling molecules connecting neural processing with physiological states and behaviours. This review consolidates current understanding of insect neuropeptide systems, focusing on their roles in regulating behaviour and communication, including feeding, reproduction, learning, stress responses, and pheromone‐mediated interactions. We outline the evolutionary origins of neuropeptidergic signalling and highlight how recent advances in genomics, transcriptomics, and peptidomics have expanded knowledge of neuropeptide diversity across both model and pest insects. Rather than providing a mere descriptive inventory, the review examines how major neuropeptide families and their G protein‐coupled receptors influence behavioural decisions and internal state‐dependent responses. We also discuss emerging strategies that target neuropeptide pathways to modify insect behaviour, such as RNA interference, peptidomimetic compounds, and small‐molecule receptor modulators, assessing their potential as selective and environmentally friendly alternatives to conventional insecticides. At the same time, we address present limitations, including functional redundancy, variable responses in field conditions, challenges in delivery and stability, and possible non‐target effects. By integrating molecular, neurobiological, and ecological perspectives, this review emphasizes neuropeptide signalling pathways as promising tools for precise manipulation of insect behaviour and communication. Continued interdisciplinary research will be crucial for translating these concepts into practical, sustainable applications within integrated pest management systems.