Nutri-cereals As Functional Foods and Their Pharmacological Intervention in Gastroprotection and Regulation of Diabetes

Globally, a marked increase in the incidence of diabetes and gastric ulcer-related diseases has been reported due to lifestyle modifications of people, aging, population hike, and diminishing physical activities. Gastric ulcer disease caused by incomplete mucosal healing or persistent H. pylori infection has a high rate of recurrence, and its treatment through drugs is associated with several side effects. Besides, diabetes is the major cause of morbidity and mortality, and its occurrence is increasing every day. Recently, several edible resources like millets (commonly known as nutria-cereals) have proved effective against gastric ulcers and diabetes by incorporating them in the diet. Millets are rich in a variety of nutraceuticals and antioxidants with numerous health benefits, including enhancement in the working of the digestive system, decreasing cholesterol level, prevention of cardiovascular disease, defense for diabetes, reducing the risks of tumors and gastrointestinal diseases, etc. Millets comprise several bioactive compounds, like phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and antioxidants, which display potential anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, which are relevant not only for diabetes management but also for gastroprotection. This narrative review focuses on the molecular mechanisms underlying the gastroprotective effects and antidiabetic potential of millets, along with their bioactive compounds and extraction process.