The perceived similarity between objects has often been attributed to their physical and conceptual features, such as appearance and animacy, and the theoretical framework of object space is accordingly conceived. Here, we extend this framework by proposing that subjective object space may also be defined by embodied features, specifically action possibilities that objects afford to an agent (i.e. affordance) and their spatial relation with the agent (i.e. situatedness). To test this proposal, we quantified the embodied features with a set of action atoms. We found that embodied features explained the subjective similarity among familiar objects along with the objects' visual features. This observation was further replicated with a separate set of novel objects. Our study demonstrates that embodied features, which place objects within an ecological context, are essential in constructing object space in the human visual system, emphasizing the importance of incorporating embodiment as a fundamental dimension in our understanding of the visual world.
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