Optimization-Based Collision Avoidance in Underwater Wireless Sensor Network

The Underwater Wireless Sensor Network (UWSN) is crucial for private, military, and commercial maritime operations, like environmental monitoring, underwater research, scientific data collection, and underwater wireless communications. The existing protocols for Terrestrial Wireless Sensor Networks (TWSNs) could be better in terms of power efficiency, reliability, and effectiveness. Due to their unique characteristics. The energy-efficient convergent depth variation routing (ECDVR) algorithm is introduced to evaluate and reduce power consumption by calculating the distance between each node point and node depth variation. This algorithm considers the two-hop neighbour depth variation when sending data to a neighbor node with a higher forward angle toward the receiver. It calculates the receive time contribution of the Adaptive Time Difference of Arrival (ATDoA). Adaptive Time Difference of Arrival (ATDoA) The arrival time of a signal makes it simple to estimate the time difference between two signals at a node. The storage node-to-receiver approach is the one that has been proposed for determining the node’s remaining power for each information exchange. In the subsequent UWSN transmission, the sink allocates the node’s higher power when the node reduces its power. Extending the packet’s lifetime and shortening the time it takes to reach its destination boosts system performance. It outperforms the compared algorithms regarding node lifetime, dead node count, power consumption, and propagation delay.