This study investigated how organic and mineral fertilizer amendments affect the physiological performance of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], nutrient homeostasis, antioxidant enzyme activity, and soil biochemical properties under saline and non-saline soil conditions in a controlled pot experiment conducted to the R1 growth stage. A 2 × 4 factorial experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with two soil types, i.e., non-saline soil (electrical conductivity = 0.28 dS m⁻¹) and saline soil (electrical conductivity = 8.35 dS m⁻¹), and four fertilizer treatments. Fertilizer treatments included farmyard manure (FYM), triple superphosphate (TSP), diammonium phosphate combined with urea (DAP + urea), and an unfertilized control. Chlorophyll index, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), plant macro- and micronutrient concentrations, antioxidant enzyme activities, post-harvest soil chemical properties, and soil enzyme activities were measured. Soil type, fertilizers, and their interaction significantly affected most of the recorded traits. Salinity decreased the chlorophyll index, NDVI, nutrient balance, and soil biochemical performance, while increasing sodium (Na) accumulation. Farmyard manure showed the most favorable results on saline soil by maintaining elevated chlorophyll indices, increasing concentrations of nitrogen (N), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and micronutrients, reducing sodium accumulation, and improving K: Na and Ca: Na ratios compared with the unfertilized saline control. Magnesium (Mg) had a different response, indicating element-specific nutritional control. FYM preserved antioxidant enzyme activities and enhanced organic matter, total organic carbon, available phosphorus (P), exchangeable K, and dehydrogenase activity. Farmyard manure improved soybean physiological status, ion balance, antioxidant response, and selected biochemical properties under salinity, but field and multi-season validation with biomass and yield measurements are needed.
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