Series on Directions in Condensed Matter PhysicsSpin Glasses and Biology, pp. 61-100 (1992) No AccessThe Origins of Order: Self-Organization and Selection in EvolutionStuart A. KauffmanStuart A. KauffmanDepartment of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA 19104, USAhttps://doi.org/10.1142/9789814415743_0003Cited by:26 PreviousNext AboutSectionsPDF/EPUB ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsRecommend to Library ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Abstract: The following sections are included: Introduction Fitness Landscapes in Sequence Space The NK Model of Rugged Fitness Landscapes The NK Model of Random Epistatic Interactions The Rank Order Statistics on K = N − 1 Random Landscapes The number of local optima is very large The expected fraction of fitter 1-mutant neighbors dwindles by 1/2 on each improvement step Walks to local optima are short and vary as a logarithmic function of N The expected time to reach an optimum is proportional to the dimensionality of the space The ratio of accepted to tried mutations scales as lnN/N Any genotype can only climb to a small fraction of the local optima A small fraction of the genotypes can climb to any one optimum Conflicting constraints cause a "complexity catastrophe": as complexity increase accessible adaptive peaks fall toward the mean fitness The "Tunable" NK Family of Correlated Landscapes Other Combinatorial Optimization Problems and Their Landscapes Summary References FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited By 26A genetic algorithm with a self-reproduction operator to solve systems of nonlinear equationsWilliam La Cruz2 June 2022 | Journal of Global Optimization, Vol. 84, No. 4Co-Evolution of Organizations in Infrastructure Planning: The Role of Communities of Practice as Windows for Collective Learning Across Project-Oriented OrganizationsBert de Groot, Wim Leendertse and Jos Arts11 June 2022 | Administration & Society, Vol. 54, No. 7Efeitos do ato de desregulamentação de 1978 na indústria aeronáutica medidos pelo método da entropia estatísticaBento Silva de Mattos, José Alexandre Tavares Guerreiro Fregnani and Jesuíno Takachi Tomita11 August 2022 | TRANSPORTES, Vol. 30, No. 2Toward the Specificity of Bare Nanomaterial Surfaces for Protein Corona FormationFabio Vianello, Alessandro Cecconello and Massimiliano Magro16 July 2021 | International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol. 22, No. 14Local search pivoting rules and the landscape global structureSara Tari and Gabriela Ochoa26 June 2021Neuronal Cytoskeleton in Intellectual Disability: From Systems Biology and Modeling to Therapeutic OpportunitiesCarla Liaci, Mattia Camera, Giovanni Caslini, Simona Rando and Salvatore Contino et al.7 June 2021 | International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol. 22, No. 11Business model design in the case of complex innovations: a conceptual modelSujith Nair and Tomas Blomquist10 August 2020 | Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, Vol. 33, No. 2Un ecosistema llamado universidadJuan Pablo Salgado-Guerrero1 Jan 2021A Study on Attractors of Generalized Asynchronous Random Boolean NetworksVan Giang TRINH and Kunihiko HIRAISHI1 Aug 2020 | IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences, Vol. E103.A, No. 8A framework to shift basins of attraction of gene regulatory networks through batch reinforcement learningCyntia Eico Hayama Nishida, Reinaldo A. 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