Palivizumab for Respiratory Syncytial Virus Immunoprophylaxis in High-Risk Populations in Qatar: a Call for Action

INTRODUCTION:Preterm and high-risk infants are at increased risk of severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection, leading to prolonged hospitalization, intensive care unit admissions, respiratory support and death. Although, RSV prevention is a major health priority in Qatar, national guidelines for RSV prophylaxis are currently lacking. AREAS COVERED:This expert opinion summarizes the burden of RSV in Qatar and the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) along with current immunoprophylaxis practices and real-world evidence on the effectiveness of palivizumab in high-risk infants. Evidence from a literature review was supplemented by expert insights relevant to Qatar and the GCC to address data gaps and heterogeneity in RSV prophylaxis. The integrated findings support context-specific recommendations. EXPERT OPINION:A steering committee with 16 experts was convened in December 2024 to review the available evidence and discuss challenges in RSV prevention among high-risk infants. The experts reviewed the literature and reached consensus for the recommendations. Palivizumab, supported by established effectiveness and long-term safety data, remains the cornerstone of RSV prophylaxis for preterm and high-risk pediatric population. It also acknowledges the necessity to collaborate with other GCC countries and develop a regional protocol to further strengthen the RSV prevention efforts.