Partial Order among the 14 Bravais Types of Lattices: Basics and Applications

Neither International Tables for Crystallography (ITC) nor available crystallography textbooks state explicitly which of the 14 Bravais types of lattices are special cases of others, although ITC contains the information necessary to derive the result in two ways, considering either the symmetry or metric properties of the lattices. The first approach is presented here for the first time, the second has been given by Michael Klemm in 1982. Metric relations between conventional bases of special and general lattice types are tabulated and applied to continuous equi-translation phase transitions.