Path Expressions in SQL: A User Study on Query Formulation.

This article focuses on testing a path-oriented querying approach to hierarchical data in relational databases. The authors execute a user study to compare the path-oriented approach and traditional SQL from two perspectives: correctness of queries and time spent in querying. They also analyze what kinds of errors are typical in path-oriented SQL. Path-oriented query languages are popular in the context of object-orientation and XML. However, relational databases are the most common paradigm for storing data and SQL is most common for manipulating data. When querying hierarchical data in SQL, the user must specify join conditions explicitly between hierarchy levels. Path-oriented SQL is a new alternative for expressing hierarchical queries in relational databases. In the authors' study, the users spent significantly less time in writing path-oriented SQL queries and made fewer errors in query formulation.