Pelvic Floor Dysfunction

Pelvic floor disorders (PFDs) refer to a group of conditions comprising pelvic organ prolapse (POP), urinary incontinence, and urination or defecation abnormalities caused by weakened or damaged pelvic floor muscles, nerves, and connective tissues. The pelvic muscles, fascia, or ligaments around the pelvic organs, present an anatomical hammock across the pelvic floor. They play a vital role in supporting the normal function of pelvic organs. Once these muscles or connective tissues are damaged due to some reasons, the PFDs will consequently occur. Up to now, the diagnosis and treatment of PFDs are still filled with challenges due to the various etiology and symptoms of PFDs. In this chapter, we focus on urinary incontinence and POP, the two common conditions of PFDs, besides general introduction to PFDs. Not only is the latest evidence reviewed but also our viewpoint is presented. In general, PFDs involve urology, gynecology, anorectal department, and other fields, and the disciplines are usually associated with each other. Therefore, a multidisciplinary approach is usually necessary. With a developed understanding of the anatomy and function of the pelvic floor, pelvic floor reconstruction has received much attention and more new technologies are also constantly emerging, developed to improve the traditional methods.