Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Semen Associated with Repeated Measures of Semen Quality in Healthy Adult Men

Although epidemiological studies have explored the association between poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) concentrations and semen quality, existing findings are often inconsistent. Our work aimed to explore the association of PFAS in plasma and semen with repeated measures of semen quality parameters in healthy adults. Plasma was collected at the initial recruitment and semen was collected at least once within five predetermined intervals during an approximately 3-month period. Semen volume, concentration, motility, and total sperm count were measured in each semen specimen. PFAS was measured in individual plasma samples (n = 1252) and pooled semen samples (n = 1019) from multiple collections (or in a single semen sample if no multiple collection was available). The results reveal seminal perfluorooctanoic acid, perfluorooctanesulfonic acid, perfluorohexanesulfonic acid, and 6:2 chlorinated polyfluoroalkyl ether sulfonate were significantly associated with decreased sperm progressive motility and total motility, while multiple seminal PFAS were positively associated with sperm concentration and total sperm count. By contrast, null associations were observed between plasma PFAS and semen quality. Our study provides epidemiological evidence that PFAS exposure may affect male fertility and seminal PFAS should be measured for precise assessment of the impact of PFAS on male reproductive performances.