articlePhysiological actions of taurineR. J. HuxtableR. J. Huxtable1Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona College of Medicine,Tucson.Published Online:01 Jan 1992https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.1992.72.1.101MoreSectionsPDF (18 MB)Download PDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesGet permissionsTrack citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInEmail Previous Back to Top Next FiguresReferencesRelatedInformationCited ByElevated MMP2 abundance and activity in mdx mice are alleviated by prenatal taurine supplementationXiaoyu Ren, Hongyang Xu, Robert G. Barker, Graham D. Lamb, and Robyn M. 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Implications for the resolution of zymosan A-induced murine peritonitisCellular Immunology, Vol. 327Dietary taurine supplementation in plant protein based diets do not affect growth and reproductive performance of zebrafish5 March 2018 | Aquaculture Research, Vol. 49, No. 5Cysteine dioxygenase is essential for mouse sperm osmoadaptation and male fertility16 April 2018 | The FEBS Journal, Vol. 285, No. 10Taurine attenuates acrylamide-induced apoptosis via a PI3K/AKT-dependent manner2 April 2018 | Human & Experimental Toxicology, Vol. 21Mitochondrial content is preserved throughout disease progression in the mdx mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, regardless of taurine supplementationRobert G. Barker, Victoria L. Wyckelsma, Hongyang Xu, and Robyn M. Murphy10 April 2018 | American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology, Vol. 314, No. 4Taurine supplementation reduces neuroinflammation and protects against white matter injury after intracerebral hemorrhage in rats18 December 2017 | Amino Acids, Vol. 50, No. 3-4Stimulatory effect of dietary taurine on growth performance, digestive enzymes activity, antioxidant capacity, and tolerance of common carp, Cyprinus carpio L., fry to salinity stress28 December 2017 | Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, Vol. 44, No. 2Taurine as a green bio-organic catalyst for the preparation of bio-active barbituric and thiobarbituric acid derivatives in water mediaBioorganic Chemistry, Vol. 77Amino acid supplements in critically ill patientsPharmacological Research, Vol. 130Disease prevention and delayed aging by dietary sulfur amino acid restriction: translational implications5 February 2018 | Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Vol. 1418, No. 1Acute effect of Ethanol and Taurine on frontal cortex absolute beta power before and after exercise14 March 2018 | PLOS ONE, Vol. 13, No. 3Metabolic assessment of a migraine model using relaxation-enhanced 1 H spectroscopy at ultrahigh field17 September 2017 | Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, Vol. 79, No. 3Markers of oxidative stress, skeletal muscle mass and function, and their responses to resistance exercise training in older adultsExperimental Gerontology, Vol. 103The enigmatic SAR202 cluster up close: shedding light on a globally distributed dark ocean lineage involved in sulfur cycling5 December 2017 | The ISME Journal, Vol. 12, No. 3Elevated GLUT4 and glycogenin protein abundance correspond to increased glycogen content in the soleus muscle of mdx mice with no benefit associated with taurine supplementation4 March 2018 | Physiological Reports, Vol. 6, No. 5Metabolic and chemical regulation of tRNA modification associated with taurine deficiency and human disease30 January 2018 | Nucleic Acids Research, Vol. 46, No. 4Characterization of Separation and Purification Technology and Identification of Taurine from the Bovine Liver3 August 2017 | Food Analytical Methods, Vol. 11, No. 2Evidence the U.S. autism epidemic initiated by acetaminophen ( Tylenol ) is aggravated by oral antibiotic amoxicillin/clavulanate ( Augmentin ) and now exponentially by herbicide glyphosate ( Roundup )Clinical Nutrition ESPEN, Vol. 23Compatible osmolytes modulate mitochondrial function in a marine osmoconformer Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793)MitochondrionCellular Uptake of A Taurine-Modified, Ester Bond-Decorated D-Peptide Derivative via Dynamin-Based Endocytosis and MacropinocytosisMolecular Therapy, Vol. 26, No. 2Evaluation of dietary taurine concentrations in microparticulate diets provided to larval California yellowtail ( Seriola dorsalis ) postlarvae16 March 2017 | Aquaculture Nutrition, Vol. 24, No. 1Effect of dietary taurine and methionine supplementation on growth performance, body composition, taurine retention and lipid status of Persian sturgeon, Acipenser persicus (Borodin, 1897), fed with plant-based diet11 May 2017 | Aquaculture Nutrition, Vol. 24, No. 1The tolerance and safety assessment of taurine as additive in a marine carnivorous fish, Scophthalmus maximus L.22 June 2017 | Aquaculture Nutrition, Vol. 24, No. 1Energy drinks induce adverse histopathological changes in gastric and duodenal mucosae of rats1 February 2018 | International Journal of ADVANCED AND APPLIED SCIENCES, Vol. 5, No. 2Taurine supplementation prevents endothelial dysfunction and attenuates structural changes in aortas from hypothalamic obese rats27 January 2018 | European Journal of Nutrition, Vol. 14Effect of antioxidants (taurine, cysteine, -tocopherol) on liquid preserved Kolbroek boar semen characteristics24 January 2018 | African Journal of Biotechnology, Vol. 17, No. 4Colon Ascendens Stent Peritonitis (CASP) Induces Excessive Inflammation and Systemic Metabolic Dysfunction in a Septic Rat Model15 December 2017 | Journal of 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1Prophylactic role of taurine and its derivatives against diabetes mellitus and its related complicationsFood and Chemical Toxicology, Vol. 110Understanding taurine CNS activity using alternative zebrafish modelsNeuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Vol. 83Thermal history and gape of individual Mytilus californianus correlate with oxidative damage and thermoprotective osmolytes15 November 2017 | The Journal of Experimental Biology, Vol. 220, No. 22Characterization of Amino Acid Composition in Fruits of Three Rosa roxburghii GenotypesHorticultural Plant Journal, Vol. 3, No. 6The Effects of Caffeine, Taurine, or Caffeine-Taurine Coingestion on Repeat-Sprint Cycling Performance and Physiological ResponsesInternational Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, Vol. 12, No. 10Effects of dietary methionine and taurine supplementation to low-fish meal diets on growth performance and oxidative status of European sea bass ( Dicentrarchus labrax ) juvenilesAquaculture, Vol. 479Oral and intravenous pharmacokinetics of taurine in sprague-dawley rats: the influence of dose and the possible involvement of the proton-coupled amino acid transporter, PAT1, in oral taurine absorption16 October 2017 | Physiological Reports, Vol. 5, No. 19NMR Profiling of Metabolites in Larval and Juvenile Blue Mussels (Mytilus edulis) under Ambient and Low Salinity Conditions6 July 2017 | Metabolites, Vol. 7, No. 3Reaction of hypotaurine or taurine with superoxide produces the organic peroxysulfonic acid peroxytaurineFree Radical Biology and Medicine, Vol. 108Rapid taurine and lactate biomarkers determination with disposable electrochemical detectorsElectrochimica Acta, Vol. 240Taurine alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced liver injury by anti-inflammation and antioxidants in rats31 August 2017 | Molecular Medicine Reports, Vol. 16, No. 5Molecular cloning and characterization of taurine transporter from turbot ( Psetta maxima ) and its expression analysis regulated by taurine in vitro26 February 2016 | Aquaculture Research, Vol. 48, No. 4High-fat diet induces metabolic changes and reduces oxidative stress in female mouse heartsThe Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, Vol. 40Taurine Alleviate Hexabromocyclododecane-Induced Cytotoxicity in PC12 Cells via Inhibiting Oxidative StressAnalysis of Neuroprotection by Taurine and Taurine Combinations in Primary Neuronal Cultures and in Neuronal Cell Lines Exposed to Glutamate Excitotoxicity and to Hypoxia/Re-oxygenationTaurine Directly Binds to Oligomeric Amyloid-β and Recovers Cognitive Deficits in Alzheimer Model MicePerinatal Taurine Supplementation Prevents Metabolic and Cardiovascular Effects of Maternal Diabetes in Adult Rat OffspringTaurine Improves Sexual Function in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic RatsTaurine Supplementation Reduces Renal Nerve Activity in Male Rats in which Renal Nerve Activity was Increased by a High Sugar Diet29 August 2017Increased N-Acetyltaurine in the Skeletal Muscle After Endurance Exercise in Rat29 August 2017Identification of Taurine-Responsive Genes in Murine Liver Using the Cdo1-Null Mouse ModelGlucose Homeostasis and Retinal Histopathology in CSAD KO MiceThe Interaction of Hypotaurine and Other Sulfinates with Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species: A Survey of Reaction MechanismsProtective Effects of An Water Extracts Prepared from Loliolus beka Gray Meat Against H2O2-Induced Oxidative Stress in Chang Liver Cells and Zebrafish Embryo ModelProtective Effects of An Enzymatic Hydrolysate from Octopus ocellatus Meat against Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Oxidative Stress in Chang Liver Cells and Zebrafish EmbryoPast Taurine Intake Has a Positive Effect on Present Cognitive Function in the ElderlyTaurine Recovers Testicular Steroidogenesis and Spermatogenesis in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic RatsRadio-Protective Effects of Octopus ocellatus Meat Consisted of a Plentiful Taurine Against Damages Caused by Gamma Ray IrradiationThe Effect on Blood Biochemical Factors of a ICR-Mice in a High-Fat Diet with Taurine 20%Effects of Replacement of Methionine in Diets with Taurine on Growth Performance and Blood Index in BroilersComparison of Toxicity of Taurine and GABA in Combination with Alcohol in 7-Day-Old MiceThe Taurine Content of Japanese SeaweedAnalysis of Taurine’s Anti-Down Syndrome Potential in Caenorhabditis elegansAntioxidant Effect of Taurine-Rich Paroctopus dofleini Extracts Through Inhibiting ROS Production Against LPS-Induced Oxidative Stress In Vitro and In Vivo ModelNeuroprotective actions of taurine on hypoxic-ischemic brain damage in neonatal ratsBrain Research Bulletin, Vol. 124Insights into the mechanisms underlying mercury-induced oxidative stress in gills of wild fish ( Liza aurata ) combining 1 H NMR metabolomics and conventional biochemical assaysScience of The Total Environment, Vol. 548-549Sulfasalazine-induced renal and hepatic injury in rats and the protective role of taurine15 July 2016 | BioImpacts, Vol. 6, No. 1Risks and Possible Health Effects of Raw Fish IntakeEffect of taurine on chronic and acute liver injury: Focus on blood and brain ammoniaToxicology Reports, Vol. 3Taurine Attenuates Hepatic Inflammation in Chronic Alcohol-Fed Rats Through Inhibition of TLR4/MyD88 SignalingJournal of Medicinal Food, Vol. 18, No. 12Heavy Metals and Human Health: Mechanistic Insight into Toxicity and Counter Defense System of Antioxidants10 December 2015 | International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol. 16, No. 12Intracellular levels of glutamate in swollen astrocytes are preserved via neurotransmitter reuptake and de novo synthesis: implications for hyponatremia3 August 2015 | Journal of Neurochemistry, Vol. 135, No. 1Improvement of liver function by the administration of oyster extract as a dietary supplement to habitual alcohol drinkers: A pilot study10 June 2015 | Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, Vol. 10, No. 2Taurine Chloramine Stimulates Efferocytosis Through Upregulation of Nrf2-Mediated Heme Oxygenase-1 Expression in Murine Macrophages: Possible Involvement of Carbon MonoxideAntioxidants & Redox Signaling, Vol. 23, No. 2Effect of taurine on the proliferation and apoptosis of human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells7 May 2015 | Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, Vol. 10, No. 1Cardiovascular Complications of Energy Drinks19 June 2015 | Beverages, Vol. 1, No. 21H NMR Spectroscopy and MVA Analysis of Diplodus sargus Eating the Exotic Pest Caulerpa cylindracea5 June 2015 | Marine Drugs, Vol. 13, No. 6Estradiol decreases taurine level by reducing cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase via the estrogen receptor-α in female mice liverQiwang Ma*, Jianjun Zhao*, Wei Cao, Jiali Liu, and Sheng Cui15 February 2015 | American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology, Vol. 308, No. 4Protective Effects of Taurine against Closed Head Injury in RatsJournal of Neurotrauma, Vol. 32, No. 1Acquired cisplatin resistance in human ovarian A2780 cancer cells correlates with shift in taurine homeostasis and ability to volume regulateBelinda Halling Sørensen, Unnur Arna Thorsteinsdottir, and Ian Henry Lambert15 December 2014 | American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology, Vol. 307, No. 12Modulatory effects of taurine on jejunal contractility14 October 2014 | Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research, Vol. 47, No. 12Taurine supplementation reduces oxidative stress and protects the liver in an iron-overload murine model5 September 2014 | Molecular Medicine Reports, Vol. 10, No. 5Acute effects of taurine on sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ accumulation and contractility in human type I and type II skeletal muscle fibersT. L. Dutka, C. R. Lamboley, R. M. Murphy, and G. D. Lamb1 October 2014 | Journal of Applied Physiology, Vol. 117, No. 7Altered hepatic sulfur metabolism in cystathionine β-synthase-deficient homocystinuria: regulatory role of taurine on competing cysteine oxidation pathwaysThe FASEB Journal, Vol. 28, No. 9Neuroprotective Mechanisms of Taurine against Ischemic Stroke3 June 2013 | Brain Sciences, Vol. 3, No. 4Perinatal taurine exposure affects adult oxidative stressWichaporn Lerdweeraphon, James Michael Wyss, Thidarut Boonmars, and Sanya Roysommuti15 July 2013 | American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, Vol. 305, No. 2Volume-sensitive release of organic osmolytes in the human lung epithelial cell line A549: role of the 5-lipoxygenaseJacob Bak Holm, Ryszard Grygorczyk, and Ian Henry Lambert1 July 2013 | American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology, Vol. 305, No. 1Peculiarities of One-Carbon Metabolism in the Strict Carnivorous Cat and the Role in Feline Hepatic Lipidosis19 July 2013 | Nutrients, Vol. 5, No. 7Low-dose taurine upregulates taurine transporter expression in acute myocardial ischemia1 February 2013 | International Journal of Molecular Medicine, Vol. 31, No. 4Early metabolic changes measured by 1H MRS in healthy and dystrophic muscle after injurySu Xu, Stephen J. P. Pratt, Espen E. Spangenburg, and Richard M. Lovering1 September 2012 | Journal of Applied Physiology, Vol. 113, No. 5Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of taurine as a feed additive for all animal speciesEFSA Journal, Vol. 10, No. 6Metabolomic and Lipidomic Analysis of the Heart of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ Coactivator 1-β Knock Out Mice on a High Fat Diet18 June 2012 | Metabolites, Vol. 2, No. 2Redox-Dependent Regulation of Sulfur Metabolism in Biomolecules: Implications for Cardiovascular Health28 July 2017 | Antioxidants & Redox SignalingSupplementation with Soybean Peptides, Taurine, Pueraria Isoflavone, and Ginseng Saponin Complex Improves Endurance Exercise Capacity in HumansJournal of Medicinal Food, Vol. 14, No. 3Mycosporine-Like Amino Acids: Relevant Secondary Metabolites. Chemical and Ecological Aspects21 March 2011 | Marine Drugs, Vol. 9, No. 3Taurine Reduces Inflammatory Responses after Spinal Cord InjuryJournal of Neurotrauma, Vol. 27, No. 2Taurine treatment inhibits CaMKII activity and modulates the presence of calbindin D28k, calretinin, and parvalbumin in the brain5 August 2009 | Journal of Neuroscience Research, Vol. 88, No. 1Acetaminophen induced acute liver failure via oxidative stress and JNK activation: Protective role of taurine by the suppression of cytochrome P450 2E119 February 2010 | Free Radical Research, Vol. 44, No. 3Taurine supplementation increases skeletal muscle force production and protects muscle function during and after high-frequency in vitro stimulationCraig A. Goodman, Deanna Horvath, Christos Stathis, Trevor Mori, Kevin Croft, Robyn M. Murphy, and Alan Hayes1 July 2009 | Journal of Applied Physiology, Vol. 107, No. 13T3-L1 Adipocytes and Rat Adipose Tissue Have a High Capacity for Taurine Synthesis by the Cysteine Dioxygenase/Cysteinesulfinate Decarboxylase and Cysteamine Dioxygenase Pathways23 December 2008 | The Journal of Nutrition, Vol. 139, No. 2Physiology of Cell Volume Regulation in VertebratesElse K. Hoffmann, Ian H. Lambert, and Stine F. Pedersen1 January 2009 | Physiological Reviews, Vol. 89, No. 1Seven days of oral taurine supplementation does not increase muscle taurine content or alter substrate metabolism during prolonged exercise in humansStuart D. R. Galloway, Jason L. Talanian, Anna K. Shoveller, George J. F. Heigenhauser, and Lawrence L. Spriet1 August 2008 | Journal of Applied Physiology, Vol. 105, No. 2Enzymes of the Taurine Biosynthetic Pathway Are Expressed in Rat Mammary GlandThe Journal of Nutrition, Vol. 137, No. 8Nephrotoxicity and its prevention by taurine in tamoxifen induced oxidative stress in mice2 July 2016 | Human & Experimental Toxicology, Vol. 26, No. 6Substantia nigra osmoregulation: taurine and ATP involvementIngrid Morales, Jose G. Dopico, Magdalena Sabate, Tomas Gonzalez-Hernandez, and Manuel Rodriguez1 May 2007 | American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology, Vol. 292, No. 5Differences in Taurine Synthesis Rate among Dogs Relate to Differences in Their Maintenance Energy RequirementThe Journal of Nutrition, Vol. 137, No. 5Taurine transporter in fetal T lymphocytes and platelets: differential expression and functional activityC. G. Iruloh, S. W. D'Souza, P. F. Speake, I. Crocker, W. Fergusson, P. N. Baker, C. P. Sibley, and J. D. Glazier1 January 2007 | American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology, Vol. 292, No. 1Effects of Ionic Strength on the Uptake of Taurine and Glycine onto a Strongly Basic Anion-Exchange Resin30 November 2016 | Adsorption Science & Technology, Vol. 24, No. 9Low Plasma Taurine Concentration in Newfoundland Dogs is Associated with Low Plasma Methionine and Cyst(e)ine Concentrations and Low Taurine SynthesisThe Journal of Nutrition, Vol. 136, No. 10Hypertaurinemia in Bile Duct–Ligated Rats After Surgery: The Effect of Gut Endotoxin Restriction on Organ Fluxes and Oxidative Status5 January 2017 | Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, Vol. 30, No. 3Taurine-Responsive Genes Related to Signal Transduction as Identified by cDNA Microarray Analyses of HepG2 CellsJournal of Medicinal Food, Vol. 9, No. 1Amino acid changes in fermented oyster (Crassostrea gigas) sauce with different fermentation periodsFood Chemistry, Vol. 91, No. 1Acute renal failure in zebrafish: a novel system to study a complex diseaseDirk M. Hentschel, Kwon Moo Park, Lucia Cilenti, Antonis S. Zervos, Iain Drummond, and Joseph V. Bonventre1 May 2005 | American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology, Vol. 288, No. 5Taurine increases glucose sensitivity of UCP2-overexpressing β-cells by ameliorating mitochondrial metabolismJin Han*, Jae Hoon Bae*, So-Yeon Kim, Hyun-Young Lee, Byeong-Churl Jang, In-Kyu Lee, Chi-Heum Cho, Jeong-Geun Lim, Seong-Il Suh, Taeg-Kyu Kwon, Jong-Wook Park, Shin Young Ryu, Won-Kyung Ho, Yung-E Earm, and Dae-Kyu Song1 November 2004 | American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism, Vol. 287, No. 5Lipoic Acid and Ascorbic Acid Affect Plasma Free Amino Acids Selectively in the Teleost Fish Pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus)The Journal of Nutrition, Vol. 134, No. 11Taurine protects against PMN dysfunction and death in urine25 May 2004 | Urological Research, Vol. 32, No. 5The brain-to-blood efflux transport of taurine and changes in the blood–brain barrier transport system by tumor necrosis factor-αBrain Research, Vol. 1023, No. 1Taurine Transport Into Fetal Cord Blood Cells: Inhibition by Cyclosporine A28 August 2016 | Journal of the Society for Gynecologic Investigation, Vol. 11, No. 7What Are the Essential Elements Needed for the Determination of Amino Acid Requirements in Humans?The Journal of Nutrition, Vol. 134, No. 6Taurine block of cloned ATP-sensitive K+ channels with different sulfonylurea receptor subunits expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytesBiochemical Pharmacology, Vol. 68, No. 5The Osmolyte Strategy of Normal Human Keratinocytes in Maintaining Cell HomeostasisJournal of Investigative Dermatology, Vol. 123, No. 3Taurine kinetics assessed using [1,2-13C2]taurine in healthy adult humansBenjamin Rakotoambinina, Lisa Marks, Abdul Monem Badran, Frank Igliki, François Thuillier, Pascal Crenn, Bernard Messing, and Dominique Darmaun1 August 2004 | American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism, Vol. 287, No. 2Light deprivation slows but does not prevent the loss of photoreceptors in taurine transporter knockout miceVision Research, Vol. 44, No. 17Altered permeability and modulatory character of connexin channels during mammary gland developmentExperimental Cell Research, Vol. 298, No. 2Lipid peroxidation induced by DHA enrichment modifies paracellular permeability in Caco-2 cells1 June 2004 | Journal of Lipid Research, Vol. 45, No. 8Differential Increase in Taurine Levels by Low-Dose Ethanol in the Dorsal and Ventral Striatum Revealed by Microdialysis With On-Line Capillary ElectrophoresisAlcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research, Vol. 28, No. 7Stimulation of glucose utilization and inhibition of protein glycation and AGE products by taurineActa Physiologica Scandinavica, Vol. 181, No. 3Extracellular taurine in the substantia nigra: Taurine-glutamate interaction1 April 2004 | Journal of Neuroscience Research, Vol. 76, No. 4A novel method for measuring dynamic changes in cell volumeCristina E. Davis, Joshua J. Rychak, Bouvard Hosticka, Scott C. Davis, J. Edward John, Amy L. Tucker, Pamela M. Norris, and J. Randall Moorman1 May 2004 | Journal of Applied Physiology, Vol. 96, No. 5Amino acid pools of rotifers and Artemia under different conditions: nutritional implications for fish larvaeAquaculture, Vol. 234, No. 1-4Biogenic Amines Formation in Fish Sauce Prepared from Fresh and Temperature-abused Indian Anchovy ( Stolephorus indicus )31 May 2006 | Journal of Food Science, Vol. 69, No. 4EFFECTS OF TAURINE AND HOMOCYSTEINE ON CALCIUM HOMEOSTASIS AND HYDROGEN PEROXIDE AND SUPEROXIDE ANIONS IN RAT MYOCARDIAL MITOCHONDRIAClinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology, Vol. 31, No. 4Combined administration of taurine and meso 2,3–dimercaptosuccinic acid in the treatment of chronic lead intoxication in rats2 July 2016 | Human & Experimental Toxicology, Vol. 23, No. 4Concentrations in beef and lamb of taurine, carnosine, coenzyme Q10, and creatineMeat Science, Vol. 66, No. 3Inhibition of ATP-sensitive K + channels by taurine through a benzamido
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