Possible Usage of Five Percent Chloride Ion by Cement Weight (2.56 M NaCl) in Mixing Water with Pozzolanic Materials Emerging As Sustainable Construction Materials

Using recycled waste brine or recycled seawater as mixing water in concrete manufacturing and the cement production have led to an increase in CO2 emission, and thus, another alternative needs to be sought. This work was the first in incorporating 5 Cl^- by cement weight (2.56 M NaCl) into mixing water blended with four different pozzolanic materials, examining its effect on fresh, 28-day hardened properties and the embedded reinforcing-steel (RS) corrosion. Results indicated that, with 5 Cl^- , the slump flows of Portland cement type I (CemI), 8 Cl^- encouraged the presence of an expansive gel sodium oxide (Na2O) in CemI (0.51