Prevalence and Influencing Factors of Cardiovascular-Kidney-metabolic Syndrome among Nurses: A Cross-Sectional Study

Objectives This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome among nurses and to identify its influencing factors. Methods A cross-sectional design was adopted, involving 823 nursing personnel at a tertiary care hospital in Xiamen between January 1 and March 1, 2022. CKM stages were assigned following the 2023 American Heart Association (AHA) criteria. Variables included general demographic information, night-shift patterns, lifestyle habits, psychological health, and sleep health. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess relationships between CKM stages and these variables. Results Among participants, the distribution of CKM stages was as follows: Stage 0, 480 (58.3%); Stage 1, 211 (25.6%); and Stages 2–4, 132 (16.0%). Using Stage 0 as the reference, multivariate logistic regression revealed that increased age (OR = 1.072, 95 %CI: 1.039–1.099), male gender (OR = 2.036, 95 %CI: 1.047–3.959), being married (OR = 2.115, 95 %CI: 1.232–3.631), and non-frequent tea consumption (OR = 0.579, 95 %CI: 0.366–0.915) were associated with Stage 1 CKM. For Stages 2–4 CKM, significant factors included increased age (OR = 1.130, 95 %CI: 1.081–1.180), male gender (OR = 2.364, 95 %CI: 1.069–5.225), evening chronotype (OR = 3.097, 95 %CI: 1.417–6.768), and insufficient daily physical activity (< 30 minutes; OR = 1.773, 95 %CI: 1.044-3.012). Night shift frequency showed no significant association in any comparison. Conclusions This study reveals that 41.7% of nurses were classified as having CKM syndrome (Stages 1-4). The findings suggested that, beyond fixed factors like age and sex, changeable factors such as chronotype and physical activity level—rather than night shift frequency itself—are significantly associated with CKM prevalence. These results underscore the need for targeted occupational health programs for nurses that integrate systematic “physical activity interventions” and “sleep-circadian rhythm management” to prevent and mitigate the progression of CKM.