Problem-oriented languages

The term problem-oriented languages, if taken literally, is too general to be useful in the taxonomy of programming languages. In its most general meaning, one would have to include any programming language that helps solve problems. Thus, Fortran (q.v.) is a problem-oriented language when one solves scientific or numeric problems. Cobol (Common Business-Oriented Language--q.v.) is problem oriented, even in its title, for business problems. However, accepted usage in computer science literature has imposed a narrower context for problem-oriented languages than one that could encompass Fortran and Cobol. From this more restricted point of view, synonyms for problem-oriented are applications-oriented or special-purpose or specialized-application or domain-specific.