Recent studies on the dynamics of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication have enhanced our understanding of disease pathogenesis. It is now clear that even during the period of clinical latency there is continual highlevel viral replication, CD4+lymphocyte infection, cell death, and new CD4+cell production.1-4The magnitude of the viral and CD4+cell turnover is extraordinary; on average, 108to 109HIV-1 virions and approximately the same number of CD4+cells are produced and destroyed each day.3,4This process takes place primarily in the lymphoid tissue where the virus, though bound to a follicular dendritic cell and coated with neutralizing antibody, remains highly infectious to CD4+T cells.5The discovery of a persistently high level of viral turnover suggests that sensitive measurements of viral burden (reflecting rapid or unchecked viral replication) may be useful in assessing HIV disease stage, disease progression, response
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