Quantum Computing Basics, Applications and Future Perspectives

Quantum Computing observed a significant rise to public and technologies in past three decades, the reason behind for the development of quantum computing is to solve various problems which are so complex that traditional (classical) computers were not able to solve. New technologies, hardware components and software advancements are being discovered all around the world in order to use this powerful tool. But in addition to the development of technologies and the attempt to scale up the quantum computers, new challenges and problems too came in light which makes it tough for further progress in the quest to unlock the true development of quantum computers. Various methods has been identified for Quantum Information Processing (QIP), but the error rates were more than what we would expect often resulting in inappropriate computations which eventually gives inaccurate conclusions.In this work, we discuss about the prominent hardware and software methods to build the quantum computers with low error rates and better accuracy, we will look onto the topics related to qubits and its principles which are incorporated in Quantum Processing Units (QPUs) which govern the working of quantum computers, the topics of quantum algorithms and its methodology are also been discussed to provide a clear understanding of the manipulation of qubits according to the purpose needed. In addition to that we will talk about the applications like quantum teleportation and cryptography which utilizes the quantum computers, and discuss about the future enhancements which can be done using this technology.