Introduction: Nanotechnology and Artificial Intelligence (AI) have separately been revolutionizing the world of scientific and industrial innovation. The combination of both has resulted in fast material discovery, improved diagnostic abilities, intelligent therapeutic systems, and advanced computational systems. However, the current literature has presented a gap in structured evaluations of the impact of AI methodologies on nanoscale research and the role of nanoscale materials in the development of next-generation AI platforms Methods: The structured review approach was adopted in this study to identify peer-reviewed articles from prominent scientific databases (Scopus, Web of Science, IEEE Xplore, PubMed) between 2015 and 2025. A pre-defined search strategy and inclusion-exclusion criteria were used. The articles were screened to evaluate the comparison of AI models, nanomaterial applications, and performance trends. Results: The review shows that AI methods, such as Convolutional Neural Networks, Graph Neural Networks, and Transformers, greatly improve nanoscale design, prediction, and characterization. AI-assisted nanotechnology advances the accuracy of simulations, minimizes the number of experiments, and facilitates optimal drug delivery routes, biosensing, and material properties prediction. On the other hand, nanoscale materials advance energy-efficient AI hardware, neuromorphic computing, and high-performance computing infrastructure. Discussion: The results clearly show that there is a mutual technological front where AI advances nanotechnology and nanoscale materials advance energy-efficient AI hardware. The current limitations include a lack of data, a lack of interpretability of AI models, a lack of benchmarking standards, and the need for ethical and regulatory frameworks. Conclusion: The field of AI and nanotechnology is a rapidly growing interdisciplinary area with great potential for scientific and societal impact.
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