Recent Developments and Challenges in Green Machining—A Review

Green machining represents a paradigm shift in sustainable manufacturing, combining technological innovation with environmental stewardship. Traditional machining processes, while highly efficient, contribute to environmental deprivation due to excessive energy consumption, waste generation, and reliance on toxic cutting fluids. Green machining techniques have emerged as viable alternatives, promising reduced environmental footprints without compromising productivity or quality. The most recent developments in green machining have focused on integrating renewable energy sources, advanced tool materials, and Industry 4.0 technologies to enhance efficiency and precision. However, there are challenges to be overcome, such as the high initial investment costs and specialized infrastructure requirements. This paper looks into the recent developments, challenges, and future directions of green machining, with a focus on its potential for aligning industrial growth with global sustainability goals. The results indicate that green machining techniques are not only beneficial to the environment but also provide economic benefits, signalling a more sustainable manufacturing future.