Resampling in Conditional SMC Algorithms

Conditional sequential Monte Carlo (CSMC) algorithms arise in particle Markov chain Monte Carlo and a number of related settings. As in standard sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) algorithms, it is possible to employ a number of approaches to resampling within CSMC, but some additional care is required to arrive at a valid algorithm. We present a simple framework for implementing valid SMC and CSMC algorithms which (a) covers most known resampling schemes including those with a complicated dependence structure like systematic resampling, but also adaptive resampling, and even more `exotic' schemes like a version of chopthin resampling; (b) explains how to implement conditional analogues of these and other well known resampling schemes without randomly permuting/shifting the order of the ancestor indices; (c) requires only very weak assumptions which include neither (marginal) "unbiasedness" nor exchangeability.