S-PLUS Clusters and Large-scale Environments (SCALE)

We present the construction and characterization of a multiwavelength catalog of galaxy groups and clusters by matching optical detections from the Southern Photometric Local Universe Survey (S-PLUS) with extended X-ray emission from the first eROSITA all-sky survey data release (eRASS1). We employed a probabilistic matching framework, based on the modified Hausdorff distance, to associate galaxy systems identified by the PZWav cluster finder and characterized by the AME membership estimator with X-ray surface brightness contours. This method explicitly accounts for the photometric redshift probability distribution of galaxies and allowed us to explore the critical trade-off between catalog completeness and purity. We investigated the change in the matched sample with different optical selection depths, defined by absolute magnitude cuts of M r < -18.5, −19, and −19.5, and −20 sampling redshifts within 0.08 < z < 0.25, and for purity levels of 80%, 90%, and 95%. Fainter optical cuts enhance the recovery of low-mass low-luminosity groups, while brighter cuts favor more massive clusters and increase the effective survey volume at higher redshifts. Stricter purity requirements reduce contamination, but systematically lower completeness, particularly for low-luminosity systems. The derived X-ray luminosity functions agree well with previous determinations, and the log N –log S distributions confirm the high recovery rate of luminous clusters. Comparisons with the redMaPPer cluster catalog validate our approach, showing consistent trends and significant overlap, while our method offers improved completeness at the group scale. This work demonstrates a robust, flexible method for creating reliable multiwavelength cluster catalogs, which is essential for cosmological studies and investigations of galaxy evolution in dense environments.