Single-point Insulin Sensitivity Estimator and Incident Cardiometabolic Multimorbidity: a Prospective Cohort Study of Middle-Aged and Older Chinese Adults

Insulin resistance is closely involved in the development of diabetes, dyslipidemia, adiposity-related metabolic dysfunction, and cardiovascular disease. The single-point insulin sensitivity estimator (SPISE), derived from triglycerides, HDL-C, and body mass index, may provide a simple marker of insulin sensitivity-related metabolic status. We examined the association between SPISE and incident cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM) among middle-aged and older Chinese adults. This prospective cohort study included 7,628 participants aged 45 years or older from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study who were free of CMM at baseline. Baseline SPISE was calculated from triglycerides, HDL-C, and body mass index. Incident CMM was defined as the occurrence of at least two cardiometabolic conditions, including diabetes, heart disease, and stroke. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95