SIW Embedded Modified E-Shaped Patch Antenna Array with Inbuilt Calibration Lines for Tile- Based Active Phased Array Applications

A Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) antenna array is presented in this article for use in active Phased Array antennas (PAA) with Tile based architectures. A modified E-shaped patch antenna element with calibration lines embedded on the same layer is designed and realized. Rogers RT Duroid 5880LZ Substrate with thickness 0.036 a.degrees is used for realizing the array. The calibration lines are printed parallel to the E-plane of the array in between the SIWs and can be used for fast online calibration. The 64-element antenna array has been designed to operate in X-Band and has been fabricated and tested by exciting the center element. The measured result confirms an impedance bandwidth of 7.95 %, cross-polarization better than 20 dB for the center element of the array. The Active Element Pattern (AEP) confirms the peak gain of 5.24 dB over the operation band. The array has a wide scan capability of +/- 50 degrees in E-and H-planes respectively with a broadside gain of 23 dBi. The low-profile of the array with inbuilt calibration lines enables its application in radars with tile-based architecture.