British Journal of PharmacologyVolume 60, Issue 4 p. 481-497 Free Access SIXTH GADDUM MEMORIAL LECTURE NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR MEDICAL RESEARCH, MILL HILL, JANUARY 1977 PRESYNAPTIC RECEPTORS AND THEIR ROLE IN THE REGULATION OF TRANSMITTER RELEASE S.Z. LANGER, S.Z. LANGER Department of Pharmacology, Wellcome Research Laboratories, Beckenham, Kent BR3 3BS Synthelabo, L.E.R.S., 58, Rue de la Glacière, 75013 Paris, France.Search for more papers by this author S.Z. LANGER, S.Z. LANGER Department of Pharmacology, Wellcome Research Laboratories, Beckenham, Kent BR3 3BS Synthelabo, L.E.R.S., 58, Rue de la Glacière, 75013 Paris, France.Search for more papers by this author First published: August 1977 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-5381.1977.tb07526.xCitations: 845 AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL References ADLER-GRASCHINSKY, E. & LANGER, S.Z. (1975). Possible role of a β-adrenoceptor in the regulation of noradrenaline release by nerve stimulation through a positive feed-back mechanism. Br. J. Pharmac., 53, 43– 50. AMIN, A.H., CRAWFORD, T.B.B. & GADDUM, J.H. (1954). The distribution of substance P and 5-hydroxytryptamine in the central nervous system of the dog. J. Physiol., Lond., 126, 596– 618. ANDEN, N.E., GRABOWSKA, M. & STRÖMBOM, U. (1976). Different alpha-adrenoceptors in the central nervous system mediating biochemical and functional effects of clonidine and receptor blocking agents. Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmac., 292, 43– 52. ARMSTRONG, J.M. & BOURA, A.L.A. (1973). Effects of clonidine and guanethidine on peripheral sympathetic nerve function in the pithed rat. Br. J. Pharmac., 47, 850– 852. BARRET, A.M. & NUNN, B. (1970). Adrenergic neuron blocking properties of (+)-propranolol and (+)-propranolol. J. Pharm. Pharmac., 22, 806– 810. BLAKELEY, A.G.H., BROWN, G.L. & FERRY, C.B. (1963). Pharmacological experiments on the release of the sympathetic transmitter. J. Physiol., Lond., 167, 505– 514. BOULLIN, D.J., COSTA, E. & BRODIE, B.B. (1967). Evidence that blockade of adrenergic receptors causes overflow of norepinephrine in cat's colon after nerve stimulation. J. Pharmac. exp. Ther., 157, 125– 134. BROWN, G.L. & GILLESPIE, J.S. (1957). The output of sympathetic transmitter from the spleen of the cat. J. Physiol., Lond., 138, 81– 102. CARLSSON, A. (1975). Receptor-mediated control of dopamine metabolism. In Pre- and Postsynaptic Receptors. ed. E. Usdin & W.E. Bunney pp. 49– 63. New York: Marcel Dekker. CHANG, H.C. & GADDUM, J.H. (1933). Choline esters in tissue extracts. J. Physiol., Lond., 79, 255– 285. CUBEDDU, L.X., BARNES, E.M., LANGER, S.Z. & WEINER, N. (1974). Release of norepinephrine and dopamine-β-hydroxylase by nerve stimulation. I. Role of neuronal and extraneuronal uptake and of alpha presynaptic receptors. J. Pharmac. exp. Ther., 190, 431– 450. CUBEDDU, L.X., BARNES, E. & WEINER, N. (1975). Release of norepinephrine and dopamine-β-hydroxylase by nerve stimulation. IV. An evaluation of a role for cyclic adenosine monophosphate. J. Pharmac. exp. Ther., 193, 105– 127. CUBEDDU, L.X. & WEINER, N. (1975). Nerve-stimulation mediated overflow of norepinephrine and dopamine-β-hydroxylase. III. Effects of norepinephrine depletion on the alpha presynaptic regulation of release. J. Pharmac. exp. Ther., 192, 1– 14. DAHLÖF, C., ÄBLAD, B., BORG, K.O., EK, L. & WALDECK, B. (1975). Prejunctional inhibition of adrenergic nervous vasomotor control due to β-receptor blockade. Proceeds. Symposium on Chemical Tools in Catecholamine Research. Vol. II, pp. 201– 210, ed. O. Almgren, A. Carlsson & J. Engel Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing Company. DE POTTER, W.P., CHUBB, I.W., PUT, A. & DE SCHAEPDRYVER, A.F. (1971). Facilitation of the release of noradrenaline and dopamine-β-hydroxylase at low stimulation frequencies by α-blocking agents. Archs int. Pharmacodyn. Ther., 193, 191– 197. DISMUKES, R.K. & MULDER, A.H. (1976). Cyclic AMP and alpha-receptor mediated modulation of noradrenaline release from rat brain slices. Eur. J. Pharmac., 39, 383– 388. DUBOCOVICH, M. & LANGER, S.Z. (1973). Effects of flow-stop on the metabolism of 3H-noradrenaline released by nerve stimulation in the perfused cat's spleen. Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmac., 278, 179– 194. DUBOCOVICH, M.L. & LANGER, S.Z. (1974). Negative feed-back regulation of noradrenaline release by nerve stimulation in the perfused cat's spleen: differences in potency of phenoxybenzamine in blocking the pre- and postsynaptic adrenergic receptors. J. Physiol., Lond., 237, 505– 519. DUBOCOVICH, M.L. & LANGER, S.Z. (1975). Evidence against a physiological role of prostaglandins in the regulation of noradrenaline release in the cat spleen. J. Physiol., Lond., 251, 737– 762. DUBOCOVICH, M.L. & LANGER, S.Z. (1976). Influence of the frequency of nerve stimulation on the metabolism of 3H-norepinephrine released from the perfused cat spleen: differences observed during and after the period of stimulation. J. Pharmac. exp. Ther., 198, 83– 101. EISENFELD, A.J., AXELROD, J. & KRAKOFF, L. (1967). Inhibition of the extraneuronal accumulation and metabolism of norepinephrine by adrenergic blocking agents. J. Pharmac. exp. Ther., 156, 107– 113. ENERO, M.A. & LANGER, S.Z. (1973). Influence of reserpine-induced depletion of noradrenaline on the negative feed-back mechanism for transmitter release during nerve stimulation. Br. J. Pharmac., 49, 214– 225. ENERO, M.A. & LANGER, S.Z. (1975). Inhibition by dopamine of 3H-noradrenaline release elicited by nerve stimulation in the isolated cat's nictitating membrane. Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmac., 289, 179– 203. ENERO, M.A., LANGER, S.Z., ROTHLIN, R.P. & STEFANO, F.J.E. (1972). Role of the α-adrenoceptor in regulating noradrenaline overflow by nerve stimulation. Br. J. Pharmac., 44, 672– 688. FARAH, M.B. & LANGER, S.Z. (1974). Protection by phentolamine against the effects of phenoxybenzamine on transmitter release elicited by nerve stimulation in the perfused cat heart. Br. J. Pharmac., 52, 549– 557. FARNEBO, L.-O. & HAMBERGER, B. (1971a). Drug-induced changes in the release of 3H-noradrenaline from field stimulated rat iris. Br. J. Pharmac., 43, 97– 106. FARNEBO, L.-O. & HAMBERGER, B. (1971b). Drug induced changes in the release of 3H-monoamines from field stimulated rat brain slices. Acta physiol. scand. suppl., 371, 35– 44. FARNEBO, L.O. & MALMFORS, T. (1971). 3H-Noradrenaline release and mechanical response in the field stimulated mouse vas deferens. Acta physiol. scand. suppl., 371, 1– 18. FELDBERG, W. & GADDUM, J.H. (1934). The chemical transmitter of synapses in a sympathetic ganglion. J. Physiol., Lond., 81, 305– 319. FILINGER, E., LANGER, S.Z., PEREC, C. & STEFANO, F.J.E. (1977). Effects of phentolamine on 3H-noradrenaline release induced by potassium from normal and atrophied rat submaxillary glands. Eur. J. Pharmac. (in press). GADDUM, J.H. (1950). Estimation of substances liberated by adrenergic nerves. Methods in Medical Research, 3, 116– 130. GADDUM, J.H. (1953). Antagonism between lysergic acid diethylamide and 5-hydroxytryptamine. J. Physiol., Lond., 121, 15P. GADDUM, J.H. & KWIATKOWSKI, H. (1939). Properties of the substance liberated by adrenergic nerves in a rabbit's ear. J. Physiol., Lond., 96, 104– 108. GADDUM, J.H., PEART, W.S. & VOGT, M. (1949). The estimation of adrenaline and allied substances in blood. J. Physiol., Lond., 108, 467– 481. GEFFEN, L.B. (1965). The effect of desmethylimipramine upon the overflow of sympathetic transmitter from the cat's spleen. J. Physiol., Lond., 181, 69– 70P. HAEFELY, W., HURLIMANN, A. & THOENEN, H. (1965). Relation between the rate of stimulation and the quantity of noradrenaline liberated from sympathetic nerve endings in the isolated perfused spleen of the cat. J. Physiol. Lond., 181, 48– 58. HAEUSLER, G. (1974). Clonidine-induced inhibition of sympathetic nerve activity: no indication for a central presynaptic or an indirect sympathomimetic mode of action. Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmac., 286, 97– 111. HÄGGENDAL, J. (1970). Some further aspects on the release of the adrenergic transmitter. In New Aspects of Storage and Release Mechanisms of Catecholamines. ed. H.J. Schümann & G. Kroneberg pp. 100– 109. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag. HEDQVIST, P. (1970). Antagonism by calcium of the inhibitory action of prostaglandin E2 on sympathetic neurotransmission in the cat spleen. Acta physiol. scand., 80, 269– 275. HEDQVIST, P. (1976). Further evidence that prostaglandins inhibit the release of noradrenaline from adrenergic nerve terminals by restriction of availability of calcium. Br. J. Pharmac., 58, 599– 603. HEDQVIST, P. & FREDHOLM, B.B. (1976). Effects of adenosine on adrenergic neurotransmission: prejunctional inhibition and postjunctional enhancement. Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmac., 293, 217– 223. HEDQVIST, P. & MOAWAD, A. (1975). Presynaptic α- and β-adrenoceptor mediated control of noradrenaline release in human oviduct. Acta physiol. scand., 95, 494– 496. HERTTING, G. (1965). Effects of drugs and sympathetic denervation on noradrenaline uptake and binding in animal tissues. In Pharmacology of Cholinergic and Adrenergic Transmission. ed. W.W. Douglas & A. Carlsson pp. 277– 288. Oxford: Pergamon Press. HERTTING, G. & SUKO, J. (1966). Influence of angiotensin, vasopressin, on changes in flow rate on vasoconstriction, changes in volume and H3-noradrenaline release following postganglionic sympathetic nerve stimulation in the isolated cat spleen. Br. J. Pharmac. Chemother., 26, 686– 696. HUGHES, I.E. & KNEEN, B. (1976). The effect of propranolol on sympathetic nerve stimulation in isolated vasa deferentia. J. Pharm. Pharmac., 28, 200– 205. HUGHES, J., KOSTERLITZ, H.W. & LESLIE, FRANCIS M. (1975). Effect of morphine on adrenergic transmission in the mouse vas** deferens. Assessment of agonist and antagonist potencies of narcotic analgesics. Br. J. Pharmac., 53, 371– 381. HUGHES, J. & ROTH, R.H. (1971). Evidence that angiotensin enhances transmitter release during sympathetic nerve stimulation. Br. J. Pharmac., 41, 239– 255. IVERSEN, L.L. (1965). The inhibition of noradrenaline uptake by drugs. Adv. Drug Res., 2, 5– 23. IVERSEN, L.L. (1967). The Uptake and Storage of Noradrenaline in Sympathetic Nerves. Cambridge: University Press. IVERSEN, L.L. & LANGER, S.Z. (1969). Effect of phenoxybenzamine on the uptake and metabolism of noradrenaline in the rat heart and vas deferens. Br. J. Pharmac., 37, 627– 637. IVERSEN, L.L., ROGAWSKI, M.A. & MILLER, R.J. (1976). Comparison of the effects of neuroleptic drugs on pre- and postsynaptic dopaminergic mechanisms in the rat striatum. Mol. Pharmac., 12, 251– 262. KIRPEKAR, S.M. & CERVONI, P. (1963). Effect of cocaine, phenoxybenzamine and phentolamine on the catecholamine output from spleen and adrenal medulla. J. Pharmac. exp. Ther., 142, 59– 70. KIRPEKAR, S.M., FURCHGOTT, R.F., WAKADE, A.R. & PRAT, J.C. (1973). Inhibition by sympathomimetic amines of the release of norepinephrine evoked by nerve stimulation in the cat spleen. J. Pharmac. exp. Ther., 187, 529– 538. KOBINGER, W. & PICHLER, L. (1976). Centrally induced reduction in sympathetic tone—a postsynaptic α-adrenoceptor stimulating action of imidazolines. Eur. J. Pharmac., 40, 311– 320. LANGER, S.Z. (1970). The metabolism of 3H-noradrenaline released by electrical stimulation from the isolated nictitating membrane of the cat and from the vas deferens of the rat. J. Physiol., Lond., 208, 515– 546. LANGER, S.Z. (1973). The regulation of transmitter release elicited by nerve stimulation through a presynaptic feedback mechanism. In Frontiers in Catecholamine Research. ed. E. Usdin & S. Snyder pp. 543– 549. New York: Pergamon Press. LANGER, S.Z. (1974a). Selective metabolic pathways for noradrenaline in the peripheral and in the central nervous system. Medical Biology, 52, 372– 383. LANGER, S.Z. (1974b). Presynaptic regulation of catecholamine release. Biochem. Pharmac., 23, 1793– 1800. LANGER, S.Z. (1975). Denervation supersensitivity. Handbook of Psychopharmacology, Vol. 2. pp. 245– 279. New York: Plenum Publishing Corporation. LANGER, S.Z. (1976). The role of α- and β-presynaptic receptors in the regulation of noradrenaline release elicited by nerve stimulation. Clin. Sci. Mol. Med., 51, 423– 426. LANGER, S.Z., ADLER, E., ENERO, M.A. & STEFANO, F.J.E. (1971). The role of the α-receptor in regulating noradrenaline overflow by nerve stimulation. XXVth International Congress of Physiological Sciences, p. 335, Munich. LANGER, S.Z., ADLER-GRASCHINSKY, E. & ENERO, M.A. (1974). Positive feed-back mechanism for the regulation of noradrenaline released by nerve stimulation. Abstract of Jerusalem Satellite Symposia. XXVI International Congress of Physiological Sciences, p. 81. LANGER, S.Z., ADLER-GRASCHINSKY, E. & GIORGI, O. (1977). Physiological significance of the alpha-adrenoceptor mediated negative feed-back mechanism that regulates noradrenaline release during nerve stimulation. Nature, 265, 648– 650. LANGER, S.Z., DRASKOCZY, P.R. & TRENDELENBURG, U. (1967). Time course of the development of supersensitivity to various amines in the nictitating membrane of the pithed cat after denervation and decentralization. J. Pharmac. exp. Ther., 157, 255– 273. LANGER, S.Z. & DUBOCOVICH, M.L. (1977). Subsensitivity of presynaptic α-adrenoceptors after exposure to noradrenaline. Eur. J. Pharmac., 41, 87– 88. LANGER, S.Z., DUBOCOVICH, M.L. & CELUCH, S.M. (1975a). Prejunctional regulatory mechanisms for noradrenaline release elicited by nerve stimulation. In Chemical Tools in Catecholamine Research II. ed. C. Almgren, A. Carlsson & J. Engel pp. 183– 191. Amsterdam: Elsevier, North-Holland/U.S.A. LANGER, S.Z. & ENERO, M.A. (1974). The potentiation of responses to adrenergic nerve stimulation in the presence of cocaine: its relationship to the metabolic fate of released norepinephrine. J. Pharmac. exp. Ther., 191, 431– 443. LANGER, S.Z., ENERO, M.A., ADLER-GRASCHINSKY, E., DUBOCOVICH, M.L. & CELUCH, S.M. (1975b). Presynaptic regulatory mechanisms for noradrenaline release by nerve stimulation. Proceeds. Symposium on Central Action of Drugs in the Regulation of Blood Pressure. ed. D.S. Davies & J.L. Reid pp. 133– 151. London: Pitman Medical. LANGER, S.Z., ENERO, M.A., ADLER-GRASCHINSKY, E., DUBOCOVICH, M.L. & GIORGI, O. (1976). Regulation of transmitter release. In Vascular Neuroeffector Mechanisms. ed. S. Karger pp. 112– 122. Basel: AG Medical and Scientific Publishers. LANGER, S.Z., ENERO, M.A., ADLER-GRASCHINSKY, E. & STEFANO, F.J.E. (1972b). The role of the α-receptor in the regulation of transmitter overflow elicited by stimulation. Vth Int. Congr. Pharmacology, p. 134. San Francisco. LANGER, S.Z. & LUCHELLI-FORTIS, M.A. (1977). Subsensitivity of the presynaptic alpha-adrenoceptors after short term surgical denervation of the cat nictitating membrane. J. Pharmac. exp. Ther. (in press). LANGER, S.Z., STEFANO, F.J.E. & ENERO, M.A. (1972) Pre- and post-synaptic origin of the norepinephrine metabolites formed during transmitter release elicited by nerve stimulation. J. Pharmac. exp. Ther., 183, 90– 102. LANGER, S.Z. & TRENDELENBURG, U. (1966). The onset of denervation supersensitivity. J. Pharmac. exp. Ther., 151, 73– 86. LANGER, S.Z. & VOGT, M. (1971). Noradrenaline release from isolated muscles of the nictitating membrane of the cat. J. Physiol., Lond., 214, 159– 171. LEWIS, M.J. (1974). Effect of acute and chronic treatment with practolol on cardiovascular responses in the pithed rat. J. Pharm. Pharmac., 26, 783– 788. LINDMAR, R., LÖFFELHOLZ, K., & MUSCHOLL, E. (1968). A muscarinic mechanism inhibiting the release of noradrenaline from peripheral adrenergic nerve fibres by nicotinic drugs. Br. J. Pharmac., 32, 280– 294. LJUNG, B., ABLAD, B., DAHLÖF, C., HENNING, M. & HULTBERG, E. (1975). Impaired vasoconstrictor nerve function in spontaneously hypertensive rats after long-term treatment with propranolol and metoprolol. Blood Vessels, 12, 311– 315. LÖFFELHOLZ, K. (1970). Nicotinic drugs and postganglionic sympathetic transmission. Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmak., 267, 64– 73. LÖFFELHOLZ, K. & MUSCHOLL, E. (1969). A muscarinic inhibition of the noradrenaline release evoked by postganglionic sympathetic nerve stimulation. Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmak., 265, 1– 15. LOKHANDWALA, M.F. & BUCKLEY, J.P. (1976). Effect of presynaptic α-adrenoceptor blockade on responses to cardiac nerve stimulation in anaesthetised dogs. Eur. J. Pharmac., 40, 183– 186. LONG, J.P., HEINTZ, S., CANNON, J.G. & KIM, J. (1975). Inhibition of the sympathetic nervous system by 5,6-dihydroxy-2-dimethyl-amino tetralin (M-7), apomorphine and dopamine. J. Pharmac. exp. Ther., 192, 336– 342. LUCHELLI-FORTIS, M.A. & LANGER, S.Z. (1975). Selective inhibition by hydrocortisone of 3H-normetanephrine formation during 3H-transmitter release elicited by nerve stimulation in the isolated nerve-muscle preparation of the cat nictitating membrane. Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmac., 287, 261– 275. MONTEL, H. & STARKE, K. (1973). Effects of narcotic analgesics and their antagonists on the rabbit isolated heart and its adrenergic nerves. Br. J. Pharmac., 49, 628– 641. MONTEL, H., STARKE, K. & WEBER, F. (1974). Influence of morphine and naloxone on the release of noradrenaline from rat brain cortex slices. Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmac., 283, 357– 369. McCULLOCH, M.W., RAND, M.J. & STORY, D.F. (1972). Inhibition of 3H-noradrenaline release from sympathetic nerves of guinea-pig atria by a presynaptic α-adrenoceptor mechanism. Br. J. Pharmac., 46, 523– 524P. McCULLOCH, M.W., RAND, M.J. & STORY, D.F. (1973). Evidence for a dopaminergic mechanism for modulation of adrenergic transmission in the rabbit ear artery. Br. J. Pharmac., 49, 41P. PAALZOW, G. & PAALZOW, L. (1976). Clonidine antinociceptive activity: effects of drugs influencing central monoaminergic and cholinergic mechanisms in the rat. Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmac., 292, 119– 126. RAND, M.J., McCULLOCH, M.W. & STORY, D.F. (1975). Pre-junctional modulation of noradrenergic transmission by noradrenaline, dopamine and acetylcholine. In Central Action of Drugs in Blood Pressure Regulation. ed. D.S. Davies & J.L. Reid pp. 94– 132. London: Pitman Medical. RAND, M.J., STORY, D.F., ALLEN, G.S., GLOVER, A.B. & McCULLOCH, M.W. (1973). Pulse-to-pulse modulation of noradrenaline release through a prejunctional α-receptor auto-inhibitory mechanism. In Frontiers in Catecholamine Research. ed. E. Usdin & S. Snyder pp. 579– 581. New York: Pergamon Press. ROBSON, R.D. & ANTONACCIO, M.J. (1974). Effect of clonidine on responses to cardiac nerve stimulation as a function of impulse frequency and stimulus duration in vagotomized dogs. Eur. J. Pharmac., 29, 182– 186. ROTH, R.H., MORGENROTH, III, V.H., & SALZMAN, P.M. (1975). Tyrosine hydroxylase: Allosteric activation induced by stimulation of central noradrenergic neurons. Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmac., 289, 327– 343. ROTH, R.H., WALTERS, J.R., MURRIN, L.C. & MORGENROTH, V.H. (1975). Dopamine neurons: Role of impulse flow and presynaptic receptors in the regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase. In Pre- and Postsynaptic Receptors. ed. E. Usdin & W.E. Bunney pp. 5– 46. New York: Marcel Dekker. SCRIABINE, A. & STAVORSKI, J.M. (1973). Effect of clonidine on cardiac acceleration in vagotomized dogs. Eur. J. Pharmac., 24, 101– 104. SEEMAN, P. & LEE, T. (1975). Antipsychotic drugs: direct correlation between clinical potency and presynaptic action on dopamine neurons. Science, 188, 1217– 1219. SERCK-HANSSEN, G. (1974). Effects of theophylline and propranolol on acetylcholine induced release of adrenal medullary catecholamines. Biochem. Pharmac., 23, 2225– 2235. STANDISH, S.M. & SHAFER, W.G. (1957). Serial histologic effects of rat submaxillary and sublingual salivary gland duct and blood vessel ligation. J. Dental Research, 36, 866– 879. STARKE, K. (1970). Interactions of angiotensin and cocaine on the output of noradrenaline from isolated rabbit hearts. Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmak., 265, 383– 386. STARKE, K. (1971). Action of angiotensin on uptake, release and metabolism of 14C-noradrenaline by isolated rabbit hearts. Eur. J. Pharmac. 14, 112– 123. STARKE, K. (1972a). Alpha sympathomimetic inhibition of adrenergic and cholinergic transmission in the rabbit heart. Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmac., 274, 18– 45. STARKE, K. (1972b). Influence of extracellular noradrenaline on the stimulation-evoked secretion of noradrenaline from sympathetic nerves: Evidence for an alpha receptor mediated feed-back inhibition of noradrenaline release. Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmac., 275, 11– 23. STARKE, K. & ALTMAN, K.P. (1973). Inhibition of adrenergic neurotransmission by clonidine: An action on prejunctional α-receptors. Neuropharmacology, 12, 339– 347. STARKE, K., BOROWSKI, E. & ENDO, T. (1975b). Preferential blockade of presynaptic α-adrenoceptors by yohimbine. Eur. J. Pharmac. 34, 385– 388. STARKE, K., ENDO, T. & TAUBE, H.D. (1975a). Relative pre- and postsynaptic potencies of α-adrenoceptor agonists in the rabbit pulmonary artery. Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmac., 291, 55– 78. STARKE, K. & MONTEL, H. (1973a). Influence of drugs with affinity for alpha-adrenoceptors on noradrenaline release by potassium and tyramine. Proceeds. Second Meeting on Adrenergic Mechanisms, Porto. pp. 53– 54. STARKE, K. & MONTEL, H. (1973b). Alpha-receptor mediated modulation of transmitter release from central noradrenergic neurones. Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmac., 279, 53– 60. STARKE, K., MONTEL, H., GAY, K.W. & MERKER, R. (1974). Comparison of the effects of clonidine of pre-and postsynaptic adrenoceptors in the rabbit pulmonary artery. Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmac., 285, 133– 150. STARKE, K., MONTEL, H. & SCHUMANN, J.J. (1971). Influence of cocaine and phenoxybenzamine on noradrenaline uptake and release. Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmak., 270, 210– 214. STEINSLAND, O.S., FURCHGOTT, R.F. & KIRPEKAR, S.M. (1973). Inhibition of adrenergic neurotransmission by parasympathomimetics in the rabbit ear artery. J. Pharmac. exp. Ther., 184, 346– 356. STJÄRNE, L. (1973). Inhibitory effect of prostaglandin E2 on noradrenaline secretion from sympathetic nerves as a function of external calcium. Prostaglandins, 3, 105– 109. STJARNE, L. & BRUNDIN, J. (1975). Dual adrenoceptor-mediated control of noradrenaline secretion from human vasoconstrictor nerves: Facilitation by β-receptors and inhibition by α-receptors. Acta physiol. scand., 94, 139– 141. STJARNE, L. & BRUNDIN, J. (1976a). β2-adrenoceptors facilitating noradrenaline secretion from human vasoconstrictor nerves. Acta physiol. scand., 97, 88– 93. STJARNE, L. & BRUNDIN, J. (1976b). Additive stimulating effects of inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis and of β-adrenoceptor agonist on sympathetic neuroeffector function in human omental blood vessels. Acta physiol. scand., 97, 267– 269. STJARNE, L. & GRIPE, K. (1973). Prostaglandin-dependent and -independent feedback control of noradrenaline secretion in vasoconstrictor nerves of normotensive human subjects. A preliminary report. Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmac., 280, 441– 446. STRÖMBOM, U. (1976). Catecholamine receptor agonists. Effects on motor activity and rate of tyrosine hydroxylation in mouse brain. Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmac., 280, 79– 91. SZERB, J.C. & SOMOGYI, G.T. (1973). Depression of acetylcholine release from cerebral cortical slices by cholinesterase inhibition and by oxotremorine. Nature, New Biol., 241, 121– 122. VOGEL, S.A., SILBERTSTEIN, S.D., BERV, K.R. & KOPIN, I.J. (1972). Stimulation-induced release of norepinephrine from rat superior cervical ganglia in vitro. Eur. J. Pharmac., 20, 308– 311. VON EULER, U.S. & GADDUM, J.H. (1931). An unidentified depressor substance in certain tissue extracts. J. Physiol., Lond., 72, 74– 87. WESTFALL, T.C., KITAY, D. & WAHL, G. (1976). The effect of cyclic nucleotides on the release of 3H-dopamine from rat striatal slices. J. Pharmac. exp. Ther., 199, 149– 157. WOOTEN, G.F., THOA, N.B., KOPIN, I.J. & AXELROD, J. (1973). Enhanced release of dopamine-β-hydroxylase and norepinephrine from sympathetic nerves by dibutyryl adenosine 3′5′-monophosphate and theophylline. Mol. Pharmac., 9, 178– 183. YAMAGUCHI, N., DE CHAMPLAIN, J. & NADEAU, R.A. (1977). Regulation of norepinephrine release from cardiac sympathetic fibers in the dog by presynaptic alpha and beta receptors. Circulation Res. (in press). Citing Literature Volume60, Issue4August 1977Pages 481-497 This article also appears in:75 Years of BJP: Top Cited Original Articles (1946-2021) ReferencesRelatedInformation
更多