Social Determinants of Health Literacy among Adults in Gonabad, Iran: a Cross-Sectional Study

Health literacy (HL) is an important factor associated with health outcomes and health equity. The relationship between social determinants and HL remains underexplored in Gonabad County, Iran. Therefore, this study aimed to describe HL levels and examine associated social determinants among adults registered at three participating urban–rural Comprehensive Health Service Centers in Gonabad County, Iran. We conducted a cross-sectional study among 496 individuals aged 18 years or older who were registered at three urban–rural Comprehensive Health Service Centers in Gonabad County, Iran, in 2022–2023. Participants were selected using stratified random sampling and completed the Health Literacy Instrument for Adults (HELIA) and a sociodemographic questionnaire. Linear regression was used to examine associations between sociodemographic and socioeconomic factors and HL. The mean age of participants was 35.48 years (SD = 12.60), and 58.9