Sofosbuvir, a nucleotide analogue, is an antiviral medication that belongs to the class of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs). It is primarily used in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections. Sofosbuvir works by inhibiting the replication of HCV, disrupting its ability to produce RNA and effectively reducing the viral load in the body. This chapter offers a comprehensive examination of sofosbuvir, including its nomenclature, physiochemical attributes, synthesis, and thermal analysis. Furthermore, it presents various analytical methods employed for both spectrophotometric and chromatographic assessments of sofosbuvir in different matrices.