The invention discloses a solid-state laser radar detection method based on a cyclic frequency shift ring, and the method comprises the steps of: transmitting a narrow-band swept-frequency optical signal to the cyclic frequency shift ring to obtain a broadband swept-frequency optical signal, dividing the broadband swept-frequency optical signal into two paths, taking one path as a reference optical signal, and transmitting the other path to a dispersion unit through an optical collimating mirror; controlling different-frequency swept-frequency sub-signals of the broadband swept-frequency signal to sequentially point to different directions in a free space by the dispersion unit to obtain a series of detection optical signals pointing to different directions; reflecting the detection lightsignalback to the dispersion unit after encountering a target, receiving the detection optical signals by the optical collimating mirror, and performing combination with the reference optical signal to form a path of to-be-detected optical signals; and conducting photoelectric conversion and signal acquisition on the to-be-detected optical signals, then acquiring target space distribution information based on a signal processing algorithm. The invention also discloses a solid-state laser radar detection system based on the cyclic frequency shift ring, and the system can achieve the high-precision measurement of a target angle and distance information at the same time through the optical cyclic frequency shift and optical wavelength dispersion technologies.
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