Speaking, Gesturing, Reasoning

People use space to structure their thoughts about time (e.g. Nunez &Cooperrider 2013). In this chapter, we first provide a brief overview of the variousways that we use space to talk, gesture, and reason about deictic and sequence time. We then discuss the strengths and limitations of the differentmethodologies used to study space-time associations. We argue that somemethods are especially useful for documenting the existence of spatial construalsof time, while others are more useful for examining their flexibility. We illustratethis point by describing circumstances under which temporal reasoningdiverges from patterns in both language and gesture.