In traditional pulsating high-frequency injection (PHFVI), the PI regulator is usually used to extract rotor position information of the machine. The PI regulator has some shortcomings, such as poor tracking performance and weak anti-interference ability. Thus a new full-order state observer is proposed to extract rotor position information in this paper. This method firstly uses the PHFVI to get the rotor position error signal and then establishes a full-order state observer according to the mechanical motion equation of the machine to estimate the rotor position and speed. This paper introduces a new coordinate transformation to further decouple the mathematical model of the double salient machine (DSM). The results of simulation in MATLAB/Simulink show that the method proposed in this paper has effectiveness and anti-interference performance and has a certain reference value for the research of speed sensorless control of DSM.